well, if your first message is totally true, you seems to lack some serious basic knowledge about programming, such as the types, data structures, and so on.
You can have a look
here (if you want to be afraid by the "WOOOOOO SO MANY" stuff in there), or just stick with the
primitive types to begin with.
Then, you can have a look to
that page to have a overview of what are functions / methods / procedure are.
To keep it short, you have a
program, which holds
variables of different
types (numbers, chars, etc). This program is subdivided in small portion of codes, its
functions. Those functions cant perform on their own, they need some infos. Those infos are passed through the
arguments (or
parameters, which is another name). Those terms are not python-specific. Nearly all the languages have this kind of concepts in their core.
Hope it helped
(sorry in advance if my english sounds strange, it's 5.20 am here
and i'm not a native english speaker)