next »

[handCraftedRadio]

Code:

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance,
                    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    LPSTR lpCmdLine,
                    int iCmdShow)
{
 strcpy(gEngine.cmdLine, lpCmdLine);

 GameInit(&gEngine, hInstance);

 GameStart(&gEngine);





 MSG msg;
 ::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

  while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
    {

        
      
        if (PeekMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
        {
    
            if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
            {
             
            }
            else
            {
                TranslateMessage (&msg);
                DispatchMessage (&msg);
            }
        }
        else
        {
          gEngine.framelimit = (DWORD)70;
        while ((((gEngine.bfps-gEngine.efps))*gEngine.framelimit  <= 1000.0))
        { 
          gEngine.bfps = timeGetTime();
        }
        
    
      
         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
          
         gEngine.fps = 1000.0f/((gEngine.bfps-gEngine.efps));   
 
         if (gEngine.bfps-gEngine.efps != 0)
         {
          gEngine.DrawText(20, 20, "%d", (int)gEngine.fps);
         }
         

           gEngine.efps = gEngine.bfps;
        
         


    
         
      
         HandleKeys(&gEngine);  
         GameLoop(&gEngine);
        
         SwapBuffers (gEngine.hDC);
        
        
          
       }
    }
  


 GameEnd(&gEngine);
 gEngine.ShutDown();
 alutExit();
 


}

My main functions are always gross so I write it once and try to never look at it ever again.

[mjau]

Most of my main functions look like this:

Code:

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
	(void)argc; (void)argv;

	init();
	loop();
	return 0;
}

That one's from Trommel.  Here's the loop function for that..  could've might as well put this in the main, don't know why I keep factoring it out..

Code:

static void loop (void)
{
	unsigned int ltrigger = 0, logichz = lframe();
	Uint32 now, then = SDL_GetTicks();

	while (logichz)
	{
		while (logichz && ((ltrigger += ((now = SDL_GetTicks()) - then) * logichz) >= 1000))
		{
			then = now;
			ltrigger -= 1000;
			logichz = lframe();
		}
		then = now;

		vframe(ltrigger);
		SDL_Delay(10);
	}
}

Try to ignore that while condition

[Ivan]

(void)argc; (void)argv;

What's that about?

[mjau]

It's just a way to tell the compiler to not warn about those variables being unused.  It's easier to spot buggy stuff when the code compiles cleanly otherwise.

[Ivan]

Ah nice, I didn't know about that trick.

[Will Vale]

Great idea for a thread! A railway modelling forum I like had a similar one recently where we posted pictures of our workbenches - so much clutter!

Here's WinMain from Space Effort. I'm trying to get out of the habit of making obvious comments but it's so ingrained that I'm not having much success yet:

Code:

/**
 * Application entrypoint. Configure SIL and kick off the mainloop.
 */
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow )
{
	// Configure window
	graphics::Window::Options options;
	options.width = 640;
	options.height = 480;
	options.resizeable = false;
	options.title = SIL_LITERAL("Space Effort");

	// Set it up.
	graphics::Window window;
	if ( window.Initialise( options ) )
	{
		// Create device
		graphics::Device::Options options;
		options.max_renderers = 1;
		options.max_targets = 4;
		options.max_textures = 256;
		g_device = new graphics::Device(window);
		if ( g_device && g_device->Initialise( options ) )
		{
			// Create renderer on the device
			if ( g_renderer = g_device->CreateRenderer() )
			{
				// Initialise game
				g_resources = new Resources;
				if ( g_resources->Initialise() )
				{
					// Execute game
					game_loop( window );

					// Terminate game
					g_resources->Terminate();
				}

				// Clean up
				g_renderer->Delete();
				g_renderer = NULL;
			}
		}

		g_device->Terminate();
		SIL_DELETE(g_device);
	}

	return 0;

} // main

The gameloop may also be of interest - it's in the same file. Pretty clunky, and uses a Screen abstraction as seen earlier in this thread:

Code:

/**
 * Run the main game loop.
 */
static void game_loop( graphics::Window& window )
{
	// First frame
	Frame frame;
	Zero( frame );

	// Hook mouse callback
	DXUTSetCallbackMouse( &mouse_callback, true );

	// Create the world!
	const Galaxy galaxy(GALAXY_SEED);
	
	// Selected system
	const Galaxy::System *old_packed_system = NULL;
	const Galaxy::System *packed_system = NULL;
	const System::Body *packed_planet = NULL;

	// Current system and planet (if any)
	System system(galaxy.systems[0]);
	Planet planet;

	// The player
	Player player;

	// HACK: Start new game
	player.Reset();

	// Create screens
	IScreen *screens[SCREEN_COUNT] = 
	{
		NULL,
		new BootScreen,
		new TitleScreen,
		new GalaxyMapScreen(galaxy, packed_system, player),
		// new SystemMapScreen(system, packed_planet),
		new PlanetMapScreen(planet, player),
		new OutdoorScreen(planet, player),
	};

	// Allocate rendertarget
	graphics::Texture *target = g_device->CreateTarget( 320, 240 );

	// Initialise screens
	for ( int i = 1; i < SCREEN_COUNT; ++i )
	{
		if ( screens[i] )
			screens[i]->Initialise();
	}

	// Start with active boot screen
	EScreen current_screen = BOOT_SCREEN;
	screens[current_screen]->Reset();

	graphics::Texture *scanlines = g_device->CreateTexture( SIL_LITERAL("resources/raster.png") );

	// While the window is open, update it.
	while ( window.Tick() )
	{
		// If we have a screen...
		if ( screens[current_screen] )
		{
			// Update frame
			frame.dt = DXUTGetElapsedTime();

			// Don't allow really long frames - they mess things up.
			if ( frame.dt > 1.0f/20 )
				frame.dt = 1.0f/20;

			frame.time += frame.dt;
			++frame.number;

			// Update keys (HACK)
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::SELECT], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_RETURN ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::CANCEL], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_ESCAPE ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::LEFT], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_LEFT ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::RIGHT], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_RIGHT ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::UP], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_UP ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::DOWN], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_DOWN ) ); 
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::LMB], lmb );
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::RMB], rmb );
			update_button( frame.yoke.buttons[Yoke::JETS], DXUTIsKeyDown( VK_SPACE ) );

			// Update cursor
			frame.yoke.mouse_x = mouse_x;
			frame.yoke.mouse_y = mouse_y;

			// Is this a big pixel screen?
			if ( target && screens[current_screen]->BigPixels() )
			{
				// Scale input
				frame.yoke.mouse_x /= 2;
				frame.yoke.mouse_y /= 2;
			}

			// Tick current screen
			const EScreen next_screen = screens[current_screen]->Tick( frame );

			// Has the screen changed?
			if ( next_screen != current_screen )
			{
				// If we're looking at a system on the map, unpack it on screen transition.
				if ( packed_system && packed_system != old_packed_system )
				{
					system = System( *packed_system );
				
					// Temp: Unpack planet.
					planet.Generate( system.bodies[0] );

					old_packed_system = packed_system;
				}

				// Change
				current_screen = next_screen;

				// If we have one, wake it up.
				if ( screens[current_screen] )
				{
					screens[current_screen]->Reset();
				}
				else
				{
					// Otherwise, time to quit.
					window.Quit();
				}
			}
		}

		// If we still have a screen, draw it.
		if ( screens[current_screen] )
		{
			if ( g_device->BeginFrame() )
			{
				// For big pixel screens, capture to render target
				if ( target && screens[current_screen]->BigPixels() )
					g_renderer->SetTarget( target );

				// Normal drawing
				if ( g_renderer->BeginDrawing() )
				{
					screens[current_screen]->Draw();
					g_renderer->EndDrawing();
				}

				// For big pixel screens, copy render target over to double pixels
				if ( target && screens[current_screen]->BigPixels() )
				{
					g_renderer->SetTarget( NULL );

					if ( g_renderer->BeginDrawing() )
					{
						// Draw the doubled pixels
						g_renderer->SetTexture( target );
						graphics::DrawRectangle( *g_renderer, 0, 0, 640, 480 );

						// Draw some scanlines with a mite of flicker.
						g_renderer->SetTexture( scanlines );
						g_renderer->SetBlend( graphics::Renderer::ALPHA, graphics::Renderer::ONE_MINUS_ALPHA );
						graphics::Colour black(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
						const Nat32 argb = black.ARGB(maths::Noise(frame.time * 3, 4) * 0.06f + 0.18f);
						graphics::DrawTiledRectangle( *g_renderer, 0, 0, 640, 480, *scanlines, argb ); 
						g_renderer->EndDrawing();
					}
				}

				g_device->EndFrame();
			}
		}
	}

	// Destroy screens
	for ( int i = 0; i < SCREEN_COUNT; ++i )
	{
		delete screens[i];
	}

	// Destroy target
	if ( target )
		target->Delete();

} // game_loop

It's still pretty hacky, but I was in the middle of a big engine tidyup/rewrite and most of the things that should be there as standard were, well, not there. I've just started doing a bit more on the engine so maybe progress will be forthcoming this year...

Cheers,

Will

[Bennett]

My main function is to bankroll my real-estate agent's Rolls Royce and provide a warm place for my cat to sit.

[Mr. Yes]

Guys, forget my last main function, this is my real one:

Code:

int main()
{
	int muffin = 2;

	beginning:
	muffin -= 1;
	goto end;
	
	getthefuckoutofthisplace:
	return muffin;
	
	middle:
	init();
	game();
	cleanup();
	muffin -= 1;
	goto getthefuckoutofthisplace;
	
	end:
	muffin; muffin; muffin;
	goto middle;
}

[waruwaru]

It's just a way to tell the compiler to not warn about those variables being unused.  It's easier to spot buggy stuff when the code compiles cleanly otherwise.

how about just int main(void)?

[mjau]

Can't do that.  SDL requires the main signature to be 'int main (int, char **)', because it replaces the main function on windows and some others with its own to handle platform-specific stuff (like WinMain).

[Pigbuster]

Code:

	// MAIN FUNCTION //
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
		// INITIALIZE SDL //
	init();
	
		// CREATE THE DRAWING SURFACE //
	//create_surface(0);
	
		// INITIALIZE OPEN GL //
	init_GL( SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT );
	
	SDL_ShowCursor(1);
	
	main_loop();
	
	clean_up(0);
	
		//Should never get here
	return(0);
}

Dooby doop doo.

[Gold Cray]

return(0);

Does that function contain anything other that just "return x;"?

[curby]

This is my cleanest main yet!
Normally they're quite a mess.

Code:

int main( int argc, char* args[] ){
        SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING );                // Start SDL
	screenManager.Init(NULL);
	screenManager.Load(GAMESCREEN);

	fps.start();					// Start the timer
	while(screenManager.Events())			// Wait for an escape key press
	{
		screenManager.Update((float)fps.elapsed());
		screenManager.Render((float)fps.elapsed());
		SDL_Delay(fps.TimeLeft());		        // Maintain framerate
		fps.update();					// update the timer
	}
    //Quit SDL
    SDL_Quit();
    
    return 0;
}

[waruwaru]

Can't do that.  SDL requires the main signature to be 'int main (int, char **)', because it replaces the main function on windows and some others with its own to handle platform-specific stuff (like WinMain).

Ah, I see, thanks!

[Kaelan]

This thread is lacking in primal evil, so here's the entry point and main gameloop function from my ancient (almost a decade old by now) game creation system... written in Visual Basic 6.

Code:

Sub Main()
On Error Resume Next
Dim l_strFolder As String
Dim l_bfBrowse As cBrowseForFolder
Dim l_engEngine As Fury2Engine
Dim l_strLoadError As String
    ChDrive Left(App.Path, 2)
    ChDir App.Path
    If Not UnpackResources Then
        Exit Sub
    End If
    If Not LoadLibraries Then
        Exit Sub
    End If
    If Not PerformUnzip Then
        Exit Sub
    End If
    DoEvents
    Load frmNull
    Err.Clear
    l_strFolder = Command$
    If Len(GameName) > 0 Then
        l_strFolder = GetGameRoot()
    ElseIf FileExists("game.f2config") Then
        l_strFolder = CurDir()
    ElseIf FileExists("game\game.f2config") Then
        l_strFolder = CurDir() & "\game\"
    End If
    If (Trim(l_strFolder) = "") Then
        l_strFolder = App.Path
        Set l_bfBrowse = New cBrowseForFolder
        l_bfBrowse.EditBox = True
        l_bfBrowse.FileSystemOnly = True
        l_bfBrowse.InitialDir = App.Path
        l_bfBrowse.UseNewUI = True
        l_bfBrowse.Title = "Select Game"
        l_strFolder = l_bfBrowse.BrowseForFolder
        If Len(Trim(l_strFolder)) <= 0 Then
            End
        End If
        Err.Clear
        Fury2Load l_strFolder, EM_Normal, frmNull, , l_engEngine
    Else
        Err.Clear
        Fury2Load l_strFolder, EM_Normal, frmNull, , l_engEngine
    End If
    If (Err.Number <> 0) Or (frmNull.Loaded = False) Or (l_engEngine Is Nothing) Then
        l_strLoadError = Err.Description & "(" & Err.Number & ")" & vbCrLf
        l_strLoadError = l_strLoadError & Engine.LoadError
        MsgBox "Unable to load Fury�." & vbCrLf & l_strLoadError, vbCritical, "Error"
        Unload frmNull
        End
    End If
End Sub

Code:

Friend Sub Game(Optional ByVal Name As String = "")
On Error Resume Next
Dim FrameStart As Double, FrameEnd As Double, Elapsed As Double
Dim UpdateStart As Double, UpdateEnd As Double
Dim UpdateMaxLength As Double, UpdateOverflowCount As Long
Dim NextFrame As Double
Dim FramesElapsed As Long, Frames As Long
Dim l_lngThreadID As Long
    Halted = False
    SubthreadCount = SubthreadCount + 1
    ReDim Preserve m_thrSubthreads(0 To SubthreadCount)
    l_lngThreadID = SubthreadCount
    With m_thrSubthreads(l_lngThreadID)
        .Name = Name
        .Running = True
    End With
    If m_sngLastFrameStart = 0 Then m_sngLastFrameStart = HiTimer
    If m_sngLastFrameEnd = 0 Then m_sngLastFrameEnd = HiTimer
    If m_sngLastSecond = 0 Then m_sngLastSecond = HiTimer
    UpdateMaxLength = 0.8 / DesiredFramerate
    If l_lngThreadID = 0 Then
        ContextLevelAdd "Game"
    Else
        ContextLevelAdd "Subthread #" & l_lngThreadID
    End If
    If Not m_booRanStartEvent Then
        m_booRanStartEvent = True
        m_objNotify.Start
        If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugGameStart
        ContextLevelAdd "Engine_Start"
        ScriptEngine.Exec "Engine_Start"
        ContextLevelRemove
    End If
    If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugSubthreadStart
    Do While Running
        If (m_booBreak = True) And (SubthreadCount > 0) Then
            m_booBreak = False
            m_booResetClock = True
            Exit Do
        End If
        If m_thrSubthreads(l_lngThreadID).Running = False Then
            m_booResetClock = True
            Exit Do
        End If
        If Terminating Then Exit Do
        m_sngLastFrameStart = FrameStart
        FrameStart = HiTimer
        m_sngFrameLength = 1# / CDbl(DesiredFramerate)
        NextFrame = m_sngLastFrameStart + m_sngFrameLength
        Elapsed = Elapsed + (FrameStart - m_sngLastFrameStart)
        If Elapsed < 0 Then Elapsed = 0
        If BalanceFramerate Then
            FramesElapsed = FramesElapsed + Floor((Elapsed) / m_sngFrameLength)
            If m_booSubthreadStarted Then
                FramesElapsed = 1
            End If
            If FramesElapsed > MaxFrameskip Then FramesElapsed = MaxFrameskip
            Elapsed = Elapsed - ((Floor((Elapsed) / m_sngFrameLength)) * m_sngFrameLength)
            If Elapsed < 0 Then Elapsed = 0
        Else
            FramesElapsed = 1
            Elapsed = 0
        End If
        If m_booResetClock Then
            m_booResetClock = False
            m_sngLastSecond = HiTimer
            m_lngFPSAccumulator = 0
            FramesElapsed = 1
            Elapsed = 0
        End If

        If FramesElapsed >= 1 Then

            m_booSubthreadStarted = False
            Do While FramesElapsed > 0
                If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugFrameStart
                If Halted Then
                    If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugHalted
                    Do While Halted
                        DoEvents
                    Loop
                    m_booResetClock = True
                    If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugUnhalted
                End If
                FramesElapsed = FramesElapsed - 1
                UpdateStart = HiTimer
                Update
                If Terminating Then Exit Do
                UpdateENet
                If Terminating Then Exit Do
                UpdateEnd = HiTimer
                If (UpdateEnd - UpdateStart) > UpdateMaxLength Then
                    UpdateOverflowCount = UpdateOverflowCount + 1
                End If
                UpdatePictures
                If Terminating Then Exit Do
                If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugFrameEnd
                If m_booSubthreadStarted Then Exit Do
            Loop

            If Terminating Then Exit Do
            UpdateTimers
            If Terminating Then Exit Do
            Mouse.Update
            UpdateEvents
            UpdateKeyboard
            If Terminating Then Exit Do
            UpdateWindow
            If Terminating Then Exit Do

            Redraw
            If Terminating Then Exit Do

            FlipScreen
            If Terminating Then Exit Do

            UpdateActionQueue
            If Terminating Then Exit Do

            m_lngFPSAccumulator = m_lngFPSAccumulator + 1

        End If

        FrameEnd = HiTimer

        If BalanceFramerate And (UpdateOverflowCount > DesiredFramerate) Then
            BalanceFramerate = False
            TextOut "Framerate balancing auto-disabled (game too slow)"
        End If

        If (FrameEnd - m_sngLastSecond) >= 1# Then
            UpdateOverflowCount = 0
            frmProfile.ProfileTextHeight = ProfileTextCurrentHeight
            frmProfile.Form_Resize
            m_sngLastSecond = FrameEnd
            FPS = m_lngFPSAccumulator
            m_lngFPSAccumulator = 0
            If ShowFPS Then
                If Fullscreen Then
                    SetWindowText m_objOutputPlugin.Window.hWnd, WindowCaption & " (" & FPS & " FPS)"
                Else
                    m_objOutputPlugin.Window.Caption = WindowCaption & " (" & FPS & " FPS)"
                End If
            End If
        End If

        DoEvents
        If Me.HarassCPU Then Else SleepEx 1, True

        m_sngLastFrameEnd = FrameEnd
    Loop
    SubthreadCount = SubthreadCount - 1
    ReDim Preserve m_thrSubthreads(0 To SubthreadCount)
    m_booBreak = False
    ContextLevelRemove
    If Not (Debugger Is Nothing) Then Debugger.DebugSubthreadEnd
    Err.Clear
End Sub

(for the curious, when I finally stopped maintaining it there was around 120k lines of VB6 and another 15k lines of C++)

[Massena]

return(0);

Does that function contain anything other that just "return x;"?

I don't think it's a function, at least not one you have to define, but it does the same thing as return x.

[Will Vale]

I don't think it's a function, at least not one you have to define, but it does the same thing as return x.

You're right, it's not a function, just a standard return statement.

Code:

return(x);

is the same as

Code:

return x;

The parentheses are part of the return value expression and basically have no effect when used here since there's no ambiguity in the order of evaluation that you need to resolve. Personally I'd stay away from the usage since it's confusing. 

[Mr. Yes]

Plus, it's a reserved keyword - even if that odd syntax didn't exist you still wouldn't be able to make a function like that.

[J. Kyle Pittman]

Even if you didn't use the reserved "return" keyword, that would only make sense if it were a macro, not a function.

Code: (MyReturn as a function)

int MyReturn(int RetVal)
{
    return RetVal;
}

int SomeOtherFunction()
{
    // ...
    MyReturn (x);    // evaluates to "x"
    // And now SomeOtherFunction() doesn't return anything!
}

Code: (MyReturn as a macro)

#define MyReturn(x) return(x)

int SomeOtherFunction()
{
    // ...
    MyReturn (x);    // evaluates to "return x"
}

But then....it's just the same as a return statement. 

[Pigbuster]

The parentheses are part of the return value expression and basically have no effect when used here since there's no ambiguity in the order of evaluation that you need to resolve. Personally I'd stay away from the usage since it's confusing. 

I suppose that's a good idea.